Câu 3: Trang 85 sách giáo khoa (SGK) Địa lí 9Sưu tầm tư liệu (bài viết, ảnh) và viết tóm tắt, giới...

Cách làm:

1. Đọc kỹ câu hỏi và tìm hiểu về vườn quốc gia Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng hoặc thành phố Huế qua sưu tầm tư liệu.
2. Sưu tầm thông tin bài viết, ảnh về vườn quốc gia Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng hoặc thành phố Huế.
3. Tóm tắt các thông tin quan trọng, đặc điểm nổi bật của vườn quốc gia Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng hoặc thành phố Huế.
4. Viết bài giới thiệu dựa trên những thông tin đã sưu tầm.

Câu trả lời:

1. Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng National Park:
Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng National Park is considered a giant geological museum of special value and global significance due to its complex geological structure, along with a history of formation dating back hundreds of millions of years. Through important tectonic stages, along with fractures, horsts, and folds, the park has created towering mountain ranges and subsidence basin, resulting in a diverse geological and topographical landscape.

- Caves: The national park is home to around 300 caves, including prominent ones like Phong Nha Cave, Thien Duong Cave, En Cave, Son Doong Cave (the world's largest), and many more awaiting exploration.
- Underground rivers: The limestone terrain and heavy rainfall in Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng have created a complex underground river system that meanders throughout the national park, sometimes flowing underground, sometimes emerging on the surface, then joining the three main rivers Chay, Son, and Trooc, before flowing into the Gianh River and out to the East Sea.
- Flora: The national park features a primary forest on typical limestone mountains with characteristic plant species such as Dau trees, Nghien trees, Cho dai, Cho nuoc, Sao, among others, including 38 species listed in the Red Data Book of Vietnam and 25 in the World Red Data Book.
- Fauna: Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng is home to 140 mammal species, notably tigers and langurs; 302 bird species; 81 amphibian and reptile species; and 10 precious primates such as the Hatinh langur, Grey-shanked douc, Francois' leaf monkey, along with numerous fish, snake, gecko, scorpion species.

With its exceptional value from geology to rich flora and fauna, Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng National Park was recognized by UNESCO as a World Natural Heritage Site in July 2003. Tourism in Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng is attractive to visitors with many journeys to explore the wild nature.

2. Huế City:
Geographical position: The monument complex of the Former Imperial City of Huế spreads along both banks of the Perfume River, part of Huế City and some peripheral areas in Thừa Thiên Huế Province. Huế city is the cultural, political, and economic center of the province, serving as the former capital of Vietnam during the Nguyễn Dynasty from 1802 to 1945.

History: Since 1306, after the marriage between Princess Huyền Trân (Trần Dynasty) and Cham king Che Man, the region of Châu Ô, Châu Lý (including Quảng Trị, Thừa Thiên Huế, and part of present-day North Quảng Nam) was called Thuận Hoá. In the late 15th century, during the reign of Lê Thánh Tông, the name Huế first appeared. In 1636, the Nguyễn Lords established themselves in Kim Long (Huế), relocating to Phú Xuân in 1687 - the present-day Inner Huế. From the early 18th century, Phú Xuân was the political, economic, and cultural center of "Inside Land". From 1788 to 1801, Phú Xuân became the capital of the Tây Sơn dynasty.

From 1802 to 1945, Huế served as the capital of unified Vietnam under the rule of 13 Nguyen kings. During this time, significant historical and cultural architectural structures were developed, including the Huế Imperial City, especially the Imperial City with 253 constructions, the 7 royal tombs of the Nguyen kings, Nam Giao Esplanade, Hò Quyen Arena, Hon Chen Palace.

Cultural value: On the north bank of the Perfume River, the architectural system symbolizing the authority of the centralized Nguyen dynasty consists of three citadels: Huế Imperial City, Hoàng thành Huế, and Tử cấm Huế. These citadels are concentrically arranged along a north-south axis. The defensive system here is a model of harmonious combination between the architectural aesthetics of the East and the West, set in a unique natural setting with many naturally symbolic elements that are considered integral parts of the Huế Imperial City.

The Hoàng thành is enclosed by a nearly square wall with each side approximately measuring 600m, featuring four unique gates that are often used as symbols of the Former Imperial City: Ngo Mon, serving as the supreme administrative area of the Nguyen court. Inside the Hoàng thành, slightly to the rear, is the Tử cấm, the living and activity area of the royal family.