TEST 4 Mark the letter A, B, C. or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. 1. It is hard for linguists to draw the line between languages and dialects. A. Linguists find hard to draw the line between languages and dialects. B. Linguists find it hard drawing the line between languages and dialects. C. Linguists find it hard to draw the line between languages and dialects. D. Linguists find it is hard to draw the line between languages and dialects. 2. Cultural changes have never been as accelerated as they are now during the globalization. A. Never before cultural changes have been as accelerated as they are now during the globalization. B. Never before cultural have changes been as accelerated as they are now during the globalization. C. Never before have been cultural changes as accelerated as they are now during the globalization. D. Never before have cultural changes been as accelerated as they are now during the globalization. 3. Many immigrants do not want their children to suffer from not speaking dominant language well, as they did. A. Many immigrants do not want their children to speak dominant language as worse as they did. B. Many immigrants want their children to speak dominant language better than they did. C. Many immigrants want their children to speak dominant language as well as they did. D. Many immigrants want to speak dominant language as well as their children can. 4. I think childhood is the best time to learn languages well. A. According to my opinion, children are the best to learn languages well. B. In my opinion, there is no time that is better than childhood to learn languages well. C. My opinion is that we can learn languages well only in our childhood. D. To me, there is no time that is as good as childhood to learn languages well. 5. People often mistakenly think that children can learn to speak only one language well. A. Children are often believed to be able to speak only one language well and it's true. B. It is often believed that children cannot learn to speak several languages. C. It is not true that children can learn to speak only one language well. D. It is normal to believe that children can learn to speak only one language well. 6. There are over fifty ethnic groups but we all use Vietnamese as the official language. A. Although there are over fifty ethnic groups, we all use Vietnamese as the official language. B. Despite there are over fifty ethnic groups, we all use Vietnamese as the official language. C. However, there are over fifty ethnic groups, we all use Vietnamese as the official language. D. In spite of using Vietnamese as the official language, there are over fifty ethnic groups. 7. There's no point in preventing people from shifting to a different language. A. It is possible to prevent people from shifting to a different language. B. It's useless to prevent people from shifting to a different language. C. People will be prevented from shifting to a different language though it's hard. D. No one wants to prevent people from shifting to a different language. 8. Languages allow people to experience and share their cultures. A. People are able to experience and share their cultures through languages. B. People are not allowed to experience and share their cultures without languages. C. People must experience and share their cultures by languages. D. People cannot experience and share their cultures without languages. 9. Preserving cultural identities in international world is a matter of great dispute. A. It is a great dispute as cultural identities should be preserved in international. B. No matter how great dispute is, cultural identities should be preserved in international. C. That the dispute of preserving cultural identities in international world is a great matter. D. The fact that cultural identities should be preserved in international world is a matter of great dispute. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. 10. Sacred texts and ceremonies can seem confusing with no one there to guide. Young people find an expert willing to explain their significance. A. Although sacred texts and ceremonies can seem confusing with no one there to guide, young people are forced to find an expert willing to explain their significance. B. Because sacred texts and ceremonies can seem confusing with no one there to guide, so young people are willing to find an expert to explain their significance. C. For sacred texts and ceremonies can seem confusing with no one there to guide, young people might find an expert willing to explain their significance. D. Since sacred texts and ceremonies can seem confusing with no one there to guide, young people are supposed to find an expert willing to explain their significance. 11. Culture, language, facilities or economy level of the family are different. Vocal guidelines and acting in daily activities are the ways of the life experience knowledge transfer. A. Vocal guidelines and acting in daily activities are the ways of the life experience knowledge transfer despite of different culture, language, facilities or economy level of the family. B. Vocal guidelines and acting in daily activities are the ways of the life experience powledge transfer regardless of different culture, language, facilities or economy level of the family. C. Vocal guidelines and acting in daily activities are the ways of the life experience knowledge transfer due to different culture, language, facilities or economy level of the family. D. Vocal guidelines and acting in daily activities are the ways of the life experience knowledge transfer although different culture, language, facilities or economy level of the family. 12. We can't deny the potential influences of global communications on our cultural identity, as it will become even more powerful. A. It can be undeniable that global communications will become even more powerful in potentially influencing our cultural identity. B. It cannot deny that global communications will become even more powerful in potentially influencing our cultural identity. C. It cannot be denied that global communications will become even more powerful in potentially influencing our cultural identity. D. It hardly deny that global communications will become even more powerful in potentially influencing our cultural identity. 13. We accept that changes are unavoidable. We will not allow everything to be wiped out, destroyed or forgotten. A. Accepting that changes are unavoidable does not mean that we will allow everything to be wiped out, destroyed or forgotten. B. Despite accepting that changes are unavoidable, but we will not allow everything to be wiped out, destroyed or forgotten. C. Rather than accepting that changes are unavoidable we will allow everything to be wiped out, destroyed or forgotten. D. We accept that changes are unavoidable, as we will not allow everything to be wiped out, destroyed or forgotten. 14. People have given up their heritage, traditional beliefs and other aspects of their native culture. They begin to lose their sense of self. A. If people have not given up their heritage, traditional beliefs and other aspects of their native culture, they will not lose their sense of self. B. Giving up their heritage, traditional beliefs and other aspects of their native culture means that people totally lose their sense of self. C. Once people have given up their heritage, traditional beliefs and other aspects of their native culture, they are about to lose their sense of self. D. Whenever people have given up their heritage, traditional beliefs and other aspects of their native culture, they are supposed to lose their sense of self. 15. Thousands of languages are at risk of extinction. You know one of them, then teach it to others. A. As long as you know one of thousands of languages that are at risk of extinction, then teach it to others. B. If you know one of thousands of languages that are at risk of extinction, teach it to others. C. For you know one of thousands of languages that are at risk of extinction, teach it to others. D. Whenever you know one of thousands of languages that are at risk of extinction, then teach it to others. II. GRAMMAR 16. A number of bad contracts and last year’s deep recession finally drove him _________ business. A. off B. out of C. from D. outside 17. _________ working very long hours, John strives to exercise at least twice a week. A. Regardless of B. On behalf of C. Because of D. However 18. _________ the dissonance between the employees, our office became an obnoxious place to work. A. Since B. In spite of C. In place ofD. Due to 19. You should not try to ski on your own _________ having a few lessons from a certified instructor. A. while B. without C. after D. instead of 20. “Guess who is responsible _________ this mess! It’s the man you are looking forward to _________!” A. about – see B. for – see C. of – seeing D. for – seeing 21. If they don’t _________ my sight at once, I’ll go mad or shoot them. A. get away from B. go out from C. get out of D. go off 22. For a person who was _________ Harvard, she has a rather low salary. A. graduated B. graduated on C. graduated at D. graduated from 23. I went to see Aunt Mathilda yesterday and found her wearing her best dress. She said she was waiting for her insurance agent who’d said he would _________. A. call her off B. call at her C. call on her D. call her out 24. This news is too good to be true. I’m afraid George has _________ it up himself. A. brought B. did C. put D. made 25. I’m afraid he couldn’t help being jealous _________ his brother’s good fortune. A. of B. about C. at D. over 26. We arrived _________ our village _________ a lovely night _________ October. A. in – on – in B. to – in – in C. at – at – on D. at – on – in 27. Last night I came _________ my teacher at the cinema, but she didn’t talk to me! A. into B. by C. across D. down on 28. _________the critics, the film is almost as good as the novel itself. A. With regard to B Concerning C. In comparison to D. According to 29. The next meeting will be held _________ February, probably _________ the second Tuesday of the month. A. at – in B. in – at C. in – on D. at – on 30. I’m afraid there is something wrong _________ my ear. I can’t hear you properly. A. from B. of C. at D. with 31. Over a hundred Embassy staff and their families _________ that there was no danger. A. were gathered to tell them B. were gathered to be told C. gathered to tell D. were gathered for telling them 32. Although he _________ a fair trial, I don’t expect him to return. A. has been promised B. had promised C. has promised D. keeps promising 33. I managed to translate most of the letter for you, but I _________ stuck on one or two sentences. A. got B. get C. am getting D. was getting 34. The programme _________ at 11:15 when most people are at work. A. was broadcasting B. was broadcasted C. broadcast D. was broadcast 35. What’s worrying me is that it’s been two weeks since I _________ by a hamster and my arm is still swollen. A. was bitten B. have been bitten C. was bit D. have been bit 36. The visitors _________ all the different ways of making brandy. A. had shown B. showed C. were shown D. has been shown 37. He is the kind of person that will always _________ in most impossible ways. A. take advantage B. take advaantage of C. be taking advantage of D. be taken advantage of 38. In my opinion we should react as soon as the plan _________ public. Waiting a day or two would put us in a rather awkward position. A. went B. will be made C. has been made D. had gone 39. The parents’ representatives wanted to know why the schools _________of the changes in the grading system. A. haven’t informed B. hadn’t been informed C. weren’t informing D. hadn’t informed 40. I hope the committee will respect its own regulations which are quite clear on this point: no applications should be accepted after the list signed by the chairman _________ published. A. will be B. was C. will have been D. has been TEST 5 Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. 1. On a flip side, the world wide adoption of a couple oflanguages that have a large number of speakers has led to the death of several less popular languages. 2. For conclusion, the death of local languages is an alarming development. 3. Over fifty thousand English words have been deriving from the Greek language. 4. It is important to understand the culture religion of the country that you are travelling to and a little research before you leave will help tremendous. 5. Linguists aware that a language becoming extinct does not necessarily mean that the people who spoke it have all died. 6. It is our duty to critically examine the elements, which we must preserve, which will be maintained as our specific cultural identities, which we can be proud. 7. Even today, Breton as well as several other minority language in France, and the rest of the world, are not legally protected. 8. Besides visiting ancient monuments and tombs, coming to Hue, you can also have a chance to bathe and lying under the sun on the most wildly beautiful beaches in VN. 9. Sometimes people learn the outsiders' language in addition to their own; this has happened in Greenland, when Kalaallisut is learnedalongside Danish. 10. By some estimates, 80 per cents of the world's languages may vanish within the next centuries. 11. Many signed languages, including American Sign Language, have born within the last few centuries. 12. Minority communities, for instance, Aboriginal peoples, over 80% whose native languages will die with the current generation, account for most of the world's languages. 13. According to linguists, children can learn several languages well, as good as they know when to speak each one. 14. According to me, I think if one is from the country with strong and old traditions, it will be rather difficult for him to adapt to the new customs and moreover to reject his own. 15. Individuals define themselves by nationality, ethnic, language, clothing and food. 16. In forest worshiping, people worship the gods of trees and villagers sacrificed their lives to protect the village. Choose the best answers 17. Jane has lost the gold brooch her mother gave her _________ a wedding present. A. as B. such as C. for D. like 18. It is important to concentrate _________ the questions during the exam if you want to score high marks and get _________ a good university. A. with – on B. at – at C. on – into D. around – to 19. Physicians often prescribe supervised weight training _________ a means of regaining strength and coordination _________ an illness or injury. A. with – upon B. as – after C. around – to D. by – since 20. The businessman was very impressed _________ the young artist’s work and commissioned a painting _________ his office. A. at – to B. for – around C. with – for D. upon – at 21. I’m very interested _________ drawing, but unfortunately, I’m not good _________ it. A. to – for B. in – at C. at – with D. about – on 22. Factories which produce a lot of toxic fumes are contributing _________ the destruction _________ the environment. A. for – around B. by - against C. into – upon D. to – of 23. I know where the post office is. Can you give me the directions to your house _________ the post office? A. in relation to B. according to C. for instance D. by all means 24. David sat across_________Ashley rather than next to her so that he could gaze _________ her eyes. A. to – around B. from – into C. with – at D. by – to 25. You shouldn’t worry _________ things that are beyond your control; it is a waste _________ time. A. about – of B. on – over C. with – against D. from – within 26. Don’t forget to thank your grandmother _________ the gift; she brought it all the way _________ Germany for you. A. about – in B. from – into C. for – from D. with – over 27. Portland cement, when it _________ with water, _________ a paste that binds sand, gravel and stone into a rock-like mass called concrete. A. is combined – forms B. has combined – is formed C. was combined – was formed D. will be combined – formed 28. The twentieth century, now nearing its end, _________ the century when mankind _________ to realise that the Earth’s resources are limited. A. was – was coming B. has been – has come C. will be – had come D. had been – came 29. Alsatians and boxers, _________ by professional trainers, can be both guard dogs and pets. A. if trained B. if will be trained C. if are trained D. if have been trained 30. There were such a lot of different things to do at the resort where we _________ our holiday that none of us _________. A. spend – are bored B. were spending – bored C. spent – was bored D. have spent – could be bored 31. Cells _________ for the first time by the English scientist Robert Hooke, who, in 1665, _________ a book about his findings. A. were described – published B. would be described – could be published C. could be described – was published D. has described – had published 32. Women _________ dress design until the last half of the 19th century. A. were dominated B. dominated C. have dominated D. are dominating 33. Judging from the speed of mechanization, it _________ that very few things in the world _________ by hand in the twenty-first century. A. has been predicted – will be making B. will be predicted – were made C. can be predicted – will be made D. is being predicted – have been made 34. Considering the meagre resources we _________ with for the project, we _________ a wonderful job. A. will be provided – have done B. were provided – can do C. have been provided – used to do D. had been provided – did 35. Solutions to the problem of unemployment _________, but none of the measures that _________ so far has been very successful. A. have bought – will be tried B. are being sought – have been tried C. have been seeking – are tried D. will be sought – have beeen trying 36. Africa’s population growth rate is much higher than the world average and it _________ that, by the year 2050 Africa _________ for twenty-one percent of the world’s population. A. has estimated – accounts B. will be estimated – accounted C. is estimated – will account D. will have estimated – is accounting 37. Following stricter “drink driving” regulations, the number of accidents which _________ drunk drivers _________ significantly. A. have been involved – is reduced B. are involved – is reducing C. were involved – was reducing D. involve – has been reduced 38. I wonder whether the hotel _________ us with towels or not. A. is provided B. will provide C. had provided D. was provided 39. The world’s first dental school, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, _________ by two Americans, Horace Hayden and Chapin Harris, in 1839. A. would have founded B. was founding C. had founded D. was founded 40. The works of Shakespeare _________ into every major language in the world. A. are going to translate B. have been translated C. had translated D. had been translating TEST 6 Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges. 1. Alex: “Thank you for taking the time to come here in person.” Amy: “____” A. It's my pleasure. B. I don't know what time that person comes. C. I'd love to come. What time? D. Do you have time for some gossip? 2. Alex: “How have you been recently?” Amy: “____” A. By bus, I think. B. It's too late. C. Pretty busy, I think. D. No, I'll not be busy. 3. Jenny: “Thanks for the nice gift you bought to us!” Peter: “____” A. All right. Do you know how much it costs? B. Not at all, don't mention it. C. Actually speaking, I myself don't like it. D. Welcome! it's very nice of you. 4. Jenny: “You must have found reading my essay very tiring.” Peter: “____ I enjoyed it." A. Not in the least. B. Just in case. C. At all costs. D. You are welcome. 5. Jenny: “You are so patient with us.” Mrs. Green: “____” A. I'm fine, thanks. B. Thanks, that's nice of you to say so. C. Thanks. Have a nice trip. D. I know. I have trouble controlling my temper. 6. Tom: “Can I have another cup of tea?” Mrs. Green: “____” A. Be yourself. B. Do it yourself. C. Help yourself. D. Allow yourself. 7. Ken: “Where is your studying group going to meet next weekend?” Mark: “____” A. We are too busy on weekdays. B. The library could be best. C. Why don't you look at the atlas? D. Studying in a group is great fun! 8. John: "Do you think that people should protect their cultural identities in the age of globalization?” 27 Jane: “____” A. Of course not, you bet! B. Well, that's very surprising. C. There is no doubt about it. D. Yes, it's an absorb idea. 9. Kay: "I don't do that if I were you." Amy: "____” A. I'd rather you didn't. B. It's out of question. C. Wouldn't you? Why? D. Would you, really? 10. Jenny: “I think that some languages will no longer be spoken." Anna: “____” A. Don't you think so? B. I'm afraid so. C. I agree. It sounds nice. D. Let's speak up. 11. "It was very kind of you to help me out, Paul?” Paul: “____” A. I'm glad you like it. B. Thanks a million. C. That was the least I could do. D. You can say that again. 12. Amy: "Would you mind sending those flowers to Mrs. Brown?"" Mark: “____” A. He wouldn't mind. B. I would if I were you. C. No, I can handle it myself. D. Sure, I'll do it now. 13. Mary: "I'll never do that again”. Linda: "Me ____.” A. do so B. too C. neither D. either 14. Jackson: "I get impatient when the teacher doesn't tell us the answer.” Rose: “____” A. Yes, it's hard to think of the answer. B. Yes, I wish she'd hurry up. C. Yes, she would know the answer. D. Yes, she speaks too quickly. 15. Jane: "Don't fail to send your parents my regards." Ben: “____” A. You are welcome. B. Good idea, thanks. C. Thanks, I'll. D. It's my pleasure. II. Choose the best answers 16. The philosopher wrote twenty books dealing _________ such topics _________ politics, human nature, ethics and love. A. with – as B. to – around C. over – about D. for – like 17. Kenya spends a quarter _________ its income every year _________ oil imports. A. on – for B. of – on C. in – over D. about – through 18. I happened to find that picture you were looking _________ when I was cleaning _________ the garage yesterday. A. to – up B. upon – in C. for – out D. after – off 19. There is a rumour _________ circulation that the director had a big argument _________ the manager at the last meeting. A. on – about B. around – to C. within – towards D. in – with 20. In reference _________ your letter _________ complaint, we apologize for any inconvenience that you may have suffered. A. to – of B. for – with C. towards – about D. with – for 21. He _________ about this meeting for weeks, so I don’t know why he _________ anything for it yet. A. is known – isn’t preparing B. knew – hadn’t prepared C. has known – hasn’t prepared D. knows – didn’t prepare 22. A place _________ for you, Madam, as soon as you _________ the deposit. A. will be reserved – have paid B. is reserved – had paid C. is reserving – are paid D. has been reserved – will pay 23. There is no way you _________ all of your project in an hour, so you _________ the most important points and talk about those. A. should be covered – ought to choose B. must cover – will be chosen C. can cover – had better choose D. ought to cover – have chosen 24. If a person _________ in more food than required to meet the body ‘s needs, the excess calories _________ to fat. A. will take – have converted B. takes – are converted C. is taken – convert D. has taken – were converted 25. Because I _________ up in a house next to a main railway line, I rarely get disturbed by noises during the night. A. was brought B. had brought C. have been bringing D. used to bring 26. Luckily, he realised that he had forgotten his passport in time to return to the hotel and collect it; otherwise, we _________ the hovercraft. A. must not have caught B. needn’t have caught C. hadn’t been caught D. couldn’t have caught 27. Last year’s additional budget package _________ to prevent Japan’s economy from plunging even lower. A. had designed B. was designed C. has been designed D. would be designed 28. Obviously, the maanagement _________ that we _________ the new conditions without questioning the consequences. A. assume – will accept B. have assumed – are accepted C. were assumed – have accepted D. will be assumed – will be accepted 29. Up to now, the equipment _________ regularly, but from now on, we _________ it before every outing. A. wasn’t checked – are checking B. hasn’t checked – will be checking C. hasn’t been checked – are going to check D. isn’t being checked – should be checked 30. With the destruction of tropical rain forests, many species _________ with extinction. A. have threatened B. would be threatened C. are threatening D. are being threatened 31. Chemical preservatives _________ as substances which are added to foods to prevent deterioration. A. have defined B. define C. can be defined D. had been defined 32. Since he _________ from prison, he _________ unable to sleep properly. A. was released – has been B. had released – had been C. has been released – was D. had been released – would be 33. I hope the new timetable _________ by Friday as I want to start a driving course next week, but I need to know which afternoon I will be off before I can enrol on it. A. has been announced B. will have beeen announced C. is going to announce D. is being announced 34. Look! The other team must be about to play their substitute because he _________ warmed up at the side of the pitch. A. has got B. gets C. is getting D. will get 35. To the ancient Romans, a census _________ simply counting the people and valuing their estates for the purpose of the taxation, but today the range of information collected by a census taker is very wide, and the statistics gathered _________ to many uses. A. means – are being put B. was meant – have put C. used to mean – have been putting D. meant – are put 36. I really dislike _________ to work on Sundays because I feel torn between my family and work. A. to be asking B. being asked C. asking D. having asked 37. the FBI _________ that he knew where the body _________. A. suspected – was buried B. suspects – had been burying C. was suspected – will be buried D. has suspected – was burying 38. It’s has been a wonderful party! I _________ myself so much in a long time. A. don’t enjoy B. won’t enjoy C. wasn’t enjoying D. haven’t enjoyed 39. The United Kingdom _________ a period of time until 1995 to clean up its beaches by the European Union, but Morecombe Bay in Lancashire was so dirty that it _________ two more years to bring the area up to the required standard. A. is given – has allowed B. was given – was allowed C. gives – will have allowed D. has been given- has allowed 40. The end of slavery in America _________ by the passage of the 13th Amendment to the US Constitution on 18th December, 1865. A. was achieved B. was achieving C. had achieved D. has been achieved 41. Medicines and chemical cleaning liquids _________ out of children’s reach. A. need to keep B. must have kept C. should be kept D. have kept 42. Five armed men _________ a Zurich Post Office last night in a van which _________ as a Post Office repair vehicle. A. were robbing – disguised B. had been robbed – has disguised C. were robbed – had disguised D. robbed – was disguised 43. Advertising is very old. Examples of advertising _________ as far back as ancient Greece, where criers _________ out messages about their clients’ wares to the public. A. have found – were shouting B. would be found – had been shouted C. can be found – shouted D. might be found – were shouted 44. The parents’ representatives wanted to know why the schools _________ of the changes in the grading system. A. haven’t informed B. hadn’t been informed C. weren’t informing D. hadn’t informed 45. The coach driver couldn’t see through the window because it _________ properly. A. hadn’t been cleaned B. didn’t use to clean C. hasn’t cleaned D. doesn’t clean 46. Local residents _________ to radio-activity for weeks now because of the leak at the Nuclear Power station. A. are exposed B. have been exposed C. will have been exposed D. were exposed 47. The programme _________ at 11:15 when most people are at work. A. broadcast B. was broadcasted C. was broadcast D. was broadcasting 48. Spiders _________ by many people, but most of them _________ to be harmless. A. had feared – were known B. have been feared – knew C. have feared – have known D. are feared