I. PRONUNCIATION Choose the word that has the main stress placed differently from the others. 1. A. agriculture B. endangerment C. environment D. establishment 2. A. nature B. offspring C. campaign D. species 3. A. capture B. discharge C. survive D. pollute 4. A. fertilize B. interfere C. cultivate D. devastate 5. A. extinct B. peaceful C. modern D. cautious Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others. 1. A. scatter B. nature C. danger D. race 2. A. exactly B. exist C. exhaust D. extinct 3. A. feature B. species C. weather D. decrease 4. A. survive B. prohibit C. fertilizer D. environment 5. A. decreased B. influenced C. endangered D. established II. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR A. Choose the word or phrase A, B, C, or D that best completes the sentence. 1. In some countries environmental organizations have been ...... to inform people and gain their support. A. made up B. set up C. brought up D. taken up 2. We continue to ...... rainforests and increase the dangers of global warming. A. cut off B. cut in C. cut out D. cut down 3. ...... aren't effective anymore because insects have become resistant to them. A. Fertilizers B. Pesticides C. Herbicides D. Medicines 4. They started a campaign to ...... smoking among teenagers. A. encourage B. decrease C. discourage D. prohibit 5. If we do not take steps to protect the world's wild life, many species of birds and animals are likely to ...... completely. A. die out B. die down C. die away D. die from 6. The Earth will be a planet where' human beings, animals and plants live in peaceful ....... A. cooperation B. coordination C. corporation D. coexistence 7. My English teacher, Mrs Brookes, was someone ... I had great respect. A. that B. whom C. for who D. for whom 8. She joined the local tennis club, ...... were at least 60. A. most of its members B. most whose members C. most of whose members D. most members 9. Fleming's discovery of penicillin, ......, had a major influence on the lives of people in the 20th century. A. awarded the Nobel Prize B. which awarded the Nobel Prize C. that he was awarded the Nobel Prize for D. for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize 10. Jean Fragonard was a French artist ______ portrait of children. A. whose paintings B. who has painted C. who painted D. whose painted 11. Portland, Maine, is ______ the poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow spent his early years. A. where B. in where C.which D. which is where 12. Walkers can unwittingly damage the fragile environment ______. A. that the birds live B. where the birds live in C. which live the birds D. in which the birds live Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that needs correcting. 13. Among us students are many foreigners whose attend language classes at the south campus. A B C 14. Is it right that politicians should make important decisions without consulting the public to who they are A B C D accountable? 15. EU nations may have to make fundamental changes in their economic, political, and the technological A B institutions if they are to preserve the environment. C D B. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in the box. endanger scatter coexist pollute devastate discharge prohibit survive protect capture 1. Many birds didn't _______________ the severe winter. 2. Animals shouldn't be _______________ for recreation arid entertainment. 3. The health of our children are being _______________ by exhaust fumes. 4. The factory was fined for _______________ chemicals into the river. 5. The explosion _______________ a flock of birds roosting in the trees. 6. Laws have been introduced to _______________ killing endangered animals, 7. The air in the city is heavily _______________ with traffic fumes. 8. The government should do more to _______________ the environment. 9. It is possible for local wildlife to _______________ with industry. 10. Western India was _______________ by a huge earthquake. III. READING Read the text carefully then choose the correct answers. Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction has increased. Bengal tigers, for instance, which 'once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct. What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinction. Animals such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world's ecosystem. International laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival - and the survival of our planet. Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. They then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols to protect the animals. Another response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This has' had some effect, but by itself It will not prevent animals from being hunted and killed. 1. What is the main topic of the passage? A. The Bengal tiger B. International boycotts C. Endangered species D. Problems with industrialization 2. The word 'poachers' used in line 7 could be best replaced by which of the followings? A. Illegal hunters B. Enterprising researchers. C. Concerned scientists D. Trained hunters What is an act of cruelty according to the passage? A. Having interest in material gain. B. Hunting endangered animals. C. Killing animals for personal satisfaction. D. Causing the problem of extinction. . Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a way to protect animals from extinction? A. Introduce laws to prohibit the killing of endangered animals. B. Establish wildlife reserves. C. Refuse to buy animal products. D. Raise money to invest in equipment and patrol. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude? A. Forgiving B. Surprised C. Vindictive D. Concerned IV. WRITING A. Rewrite the sentences, using Relative Clauses. 1. I was sitting on a chair. It suddenly collapsed. The chair .............................................. 2. Mr Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come specially to see him. Mr Smith ............................................... 3. I saw several houses. Most of them were quite unsuitable. I ...................................................... 4. Graham took us to his office. It was filled with books. The office ............................................... 5. Her father died last year. She looked after him for over twenty years. Her father ............................................. 6. The bed has no mattress. I sleep on this bed. The bed ............................................... 7. They picked up five boat-loads of refugees. Some of them had been at sea for several months. They ................................................... 8. Tom came to the party in patched jeans. This surprised the other guests. Most of the other guests were wearing evening dress. Tom .................................................... 9. The people didn't know French. He was speaking to these people. The people ............................................... 10. Mr Jones was very generous about overtime payments. I was working for him. Mr Jones ................................................ B. Write complete sentences about the tropical rainforest, using the cues given. 1. Nowadays/ tropical rainforests/ danger/ extinction. 2. Each year/ millions of acres/ rainforests/ clear/ make way/ population growth/ agriculture. 3. This/ result/ the destruction/ millions of plants. 4. This destruction/ cause/ some types of animals/ lose/ their natural habitat 5. It/ important/ us/ save/ the tropical rainforests.